Senin, 14 Maret 2016
Subject
A subject is one of the two main parts of a sentence. The subject is sometimes called the naming
part of a sentence or clause.
The subject usually appears before the predicate to show (a) what the
sentence is about, or (b) who or what performs the action.
A subject may be one word or several words.
1. The subject
may be just a single word: a noun or a pronoun. In this first example, the proper noun Felix is
the subject of the sentence:
Felix laughed.
In
the next example, the personal pronoun he is
the subject:
He laughed.
2. The subject
may be a noun phrase, a word group made up of a head noun
and any modifiers, determiners (such
as the, a, her), and/or complements.
In this example, the subject is The first person in line:
The first person in line spoke to the television reporter.
In this example, the compound subject is Winnie and her
sister:
Winnie and her sister will sing at the recital this
evening.
Verb
A verb is the part of speech (or word class) that describes an action or occurrence or
indicates a state of being.
There are two main classes of verbs: (1) the large open class of lexical verbs (also known as main verbs or full
verbs, verbs that aren't dependent on other verbs) and (2) the small closed class of auxiliary
verbs (also called helping verbs). The two subtypes of
auxiliaries are the primary auxiliaries (be, have, and do), which can
also act as lexical verbs, and the modal
auxiliaries (can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should,
will, and would). Verbs and verb phrases usually function as predicates.
They can display differences in tense, mood, aspect, number, person,
and voice.
Example:
Across the
street a few people in their best clothes “walk” on the pavement past
the row of worn brick homes.
Complement
Complements are words that come after
linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun complements are adjectives and nouns, but can be many other parts of speech as well.
Examples of complements
1.
My sister is
a doctor.
2.
Tomomi is happy.
3.
The book is on
the table.
Modifier
A modifier is a word, phrase,
or clause that functions as an adjective or adverb to
provide additional information about another word or word group (called the head).
As illustrated below, modifiers in English include
adjectives, adverbs, demonstratives, possessive determiners, prepositional phrases, degree modifiers, and intensifiers. Modifiers that appear before the
head are called pre modifiers; modifiers
that appear after the head are called post modifiers. Modifiers
may be either restrictive (essential
to the meaning of a sentence) or nonrestrictive (additional
but not essential elements in a sentence).
1. Examples
of modifiers as adjectives
Lee caught a small mackerel.
(Here, the adjective small modifies
the noun mackerel.)
2. Examples
of modifiers as adverbs
Lee accidentally caught a small whelk.
(Here, the adverb accidentally modifies
the verb caught.)
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